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caption a7 streptococcus mutans strain serotype mic  (ATCC)
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ATCC caption a7 streptococcus mutans strain serotype mic
In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159
Caption A7 Streptococcus Mutans Strain Serotype Mic, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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xanthomonas translucens  (Biosynth Carbosynth)
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Biosynth Carbosynth xanthomonas translucens
An overview of cereal pathogens demonstrated to infect brachypodium
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caption a7 strain zone diam mm range mic  (ATCC)
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ATCC caption a7 strain zone diam mm range mic
An overview of cereal pathogens demonstrated to infect brachypodium
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t5 caption a7 samples alignment bacteria strain identical  (ATCC)
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ATCC t5 caption a7 samples alignment bacteria strain identical
An overview of cereal pathogens demonstrated to infect brachypodium
T5 Caption A7 Samples Alignment Bacteria Strain Identical, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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t5 caption a7 cev2 sensitive strains cev2 resistant strains pathogenic bacteria e coli o157 h7 edl 933  (ATCC)
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ATCC t5 caption a7 cev2 sensitive strains cev2 resistant strains pathogenic bacteria e coli o157 h7 edl 933
Electron micrograph of bacteriophage <t>CEV2.</t>
T5 Caption A7 Cev2 Sensitive Strains Cev2 Resistant Strains Pathogenic Bacteria E Coli O157 H7 Edl 933, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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t5 caption a7 gram bacteria s aureus atcc  (ATCC)
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t5 caption a7 bacteria mic  (ATCC)
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Electron micrograph of bacteriophage <t>CEV2.</t>
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caption a7 species strain corynebacterium sp  (ATCC)
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Electron micrograph of bacteriophage <t>CEV2.</t>
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caption a7 antibiotic mic  (ATCC)
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Electron micrograph of bacteriophage <t>CEV2.</t>
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t5 caption a7 species strain concn  (ATCC)
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Electron micrograph of bacteriophage <t>CEV2.</t>
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caption a7 conditions activity mic  (ATCC)
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ATCC caption a7 conditions activity mic
Electron micrograph of bacteriophage <t>CEV2.</t>
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In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Comparative killing kinetics of CLP-4. S. mutans UA159 cultures at a cell density of 6 × 105 CFU/ml were challenged with 5, 10, and 25 μg/ml CLP-4 under conditions of active growth in CDM supplemented with 0.5% (wt/vol) glucose (A) and against growth-arrested cells in CDM lacking any carbon source (B). Samples at time zero were enumerated prior to peptide treatment. Data shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments.

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative killing kinetics of CLP-4. S. mutans UA159 cultures at a cell density of 6 × 105 CFU/ml were challenged with 5, 10, and 25 μg/ml CLP-4 under conditions of active growth in CDM supplemented with 0.5% (wt/vol) glucose (A) and against growth-arrested cells in CDM lacking any carbon source (B). Samples at time zero were enumerated prior to peptide treatment. Data shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques:

CLP-4 prevents S. mutans biofilm formation. (A) Biofilms inoculated with 2 × 107 CFU/ml were grown for 24 h in the presence of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin at concentrations ranging between 0.6× and 2× their respective MICs. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining and expressed in percentage relative to untreated control. Shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Corresponding growth curve kinetics showing the MIC of CLP-4 on S. mutans UA159.

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: CLP-4 prevents S. mutans biofilm formation. (A) Biofilms inoculated with 2 × 107 CFU/ml were grown for 24 h in the presence of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin at concentrations ranging between 0.6× and 2× their respective MICs. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining and expressed in percentage relative to untreated control. Shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Corresponding growth curve kinetics showing the MIC of CLP-4 on S. mutans UA159.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Staining, Control

Effects of CLP-4 on preformed biofilms. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were established for 24 h and then treated with increasing concentrations (1× to 10× the MIC) of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin. (A) Antibiofilm activities were assessed by quantifying the cell viability of treated biofilms by colony enumeration on agar plates. The means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments are shown. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Biofilms treated with 10× the MICs for each antimicrobial were fluorescently labeled using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Shown are the top-down three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of biofilms at a total magnification of ×400. Bottom images represent optical planes in the xz, and vertical thin images represent yz dimensions. Membrane-compromised bacteria are stained red with propidium iodide, while intact bacteria are stained green with SYTO 9. Areas highlighted by dashed lines indicate regions of interest (ROIs) viewed at a higher magnification. Dimensions shown are 387.5 μm by 387.5 μm by 16 μm. (C) ROIs are presented at ×2,300 magnification. Dimensions shown are 68.1 μm by 68.1 μm by 16 μm.

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CLP-4 on preformed biofilms. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were established for 24 h and then treated with increasing concentrations (1× to 10× the MIC) of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin. (A) Antibiofilm activities were assessed by quantifying the cell viability of treated biofilms by colony enumeration on agar plates. The means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments are shown. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Biofilms treated with 10× the MICs for each antimicrobial were fluorescently labeled using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Shown are the top-down three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of biofilms at a total magnification of ×400. Bottom images represent optical planes in the xz, and vertical thin images represent yz dimensions. Membrane-compromised bacteria are stained red with propidium iodide, while intact bacteria are stained green with SYTO 9. Areas highlighted by dashed lines indicate regions of interest (ROIs) viewed at a higher magnification. Dimensions shown are 387.5 μm by 387.5 μm by 16 μm. (C) ROIs are presented at ×2,300 magnification. Dimensions shown are 68.1 μm by 68.1 μm by 16 μm.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Control, Labeling, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Membrane, Bacteria

An overview of cereal pathogens demonstrated to infect brachypodium

Journal: Annals of Botany

Article Title: Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv010

Figure Lengend Snippet: An overview of cereal pathogens demonstrated to infect brachypodium

Article Snippet: Left to right: uninfected, PMV-infected, PMV + SPMV-infected. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 T able 1. caption a7 Pathogen Cereal host Reference Bacterial Xanthomonas translucens Wheat, barley T. L. Fitzgerald et al. (unpubl. res.)

Techniques: Virus

Brachypodium infected with Xanthomonas translucens and Fusarium pseudograminearum. (A) Symptoms of ecotype Bd21-3 inoculated with Fusarium pseudograminearum using the method of Yang et al. (2010) with minor modifications. Representative symptoms at 14 days post-F. pseudograminearum inoculation are shown (right) in comparison with mock inoculated seedlings (left). Scale bar = 10 cm. (B) Symptoms of ecotypes Bd21 (left) and Bd21-3 (right) inoculated with Xanthomonas translucens isolate DAR61454 using the method outlined by Gardiner et al. (2014) with minor modifications. Representative symptom development in a leaves inoculated with DAR61454 (X) and mock inoculated (M) at 6 days post-inoculation is shown. Scale bar = 2 cm.

Journal: Annals of Botany

Article Title: Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Brachypodium infected with Xanthomonas translucens and Fusarium pseudograminearum. (A) Symptoms of ecotype Bd21-3 inoculated with Fusarium pseudograminearum using the method of Yang et al. (2010) with minor modifications. Representative symptoms at 14 days post-F. pseudograminearum inoculation are shown (right) in comparison with mock inoculated seedlings (left). Scale bar = 10 cm. (B) Symptoms of ecotypes Bd21 (left) and Bd21-3 (right) inoculated with Xanthomonas translucens isolate DAR61454 using the method outlined by Gardiner et al. (2014) with minor modifications. Representative symptom development in a leaves inoculated with DAR61454 (X) and mock inoculated (M) at 6 days post-inoculation is shown. Scale bar = 2 cm.

Article Snippet: Left to right: uninfected, PMV-infected, PMV + SPMV-infected. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 T able 1. caption a7 Pathogen Cereal host Reference Bacterial Xanthomonas translucens Wheat, barley T. L. Fitzgerald et al. (unpubl. res.)

Techniques: Infection, Comparison

Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2.

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2.

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques:

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A SmaI:CEV2; Lane B EcorI:CEV2; Lane C XhoI:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB HindIII:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G EcorV:CEV2; Lane H, PvuII:CEV2; Lane I HindIII:CEV2. (B) Lane A HhaI:CEV2; Lane B HaeIII:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamHI:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB HindIII:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2.

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A SmaI:CEV2; Lane B EcorI:CEV2; Lane C XhoI:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB HindIII:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G EcorV:CEV2; Lane H, PvuII:CEV2; Lane I HindIII:CEV2. (B) Lane A HhaI:CEV2; Lane B HaeIII:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamHI:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB HindIII:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2.

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques: Pulsed-Field Gel, Electrophoresis

Host range of bacteriophage CEV2

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Host range of bacteriophage CEV2

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques: Bacteria

Patterns of infection of CEV2 and T5 against FhuA + /Fhu − and tonB − E. coli strains

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patterns of infection of CEV2 and T5 against FhuA + /Fhu − and tonB − E. coli strains

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques: Infection

High MOI CEV2 infections of E. coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 growing either aerobically (A, MOI∼5.3) or anaerobically (B, MOI∼8.3) in TSB. Infection graphs shown are representative of at least three replicates. Bacterial survivors CFU mL−1 (▵), OD600 nm (○) and phage PFU mL−1 after the addition of chloroform (□).

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: High MOI CEV2 infections of E. coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 growing either aerobically (A, MOI∼5.3) or anaerobically (B, MOI∼8.3) in TSB. Infection graphs shown are representative of at least three replicates. Bacterial survivors CFU mL−1 (▵), OD600 nm (○) and phage PFU mL−1 after the addition of chloroform (□).

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques: Infection

High MOI (∼3.9) co-infection of E. coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 growing anaerobically in TSB with phages CEV1 (∼2.06) and CEV2 (∼1.88). Bacterial survivors (▵), OD600 nm (○) and phage titers, CEV1 (solid line) and CEV2 (dashed line) after the addition of chloroform (□).

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: High MOI (∼3.9) co-infection of E. coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 growing anaerobically in TSB with phages CEV1 (∼2.06) and CEV2 (∼1.88). Bacterial survivors (▵), OD600 nm (○) and phage titers, CEV1 (solid line) and CEV2 (dashed line) after the addition of chloroform (□).

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques: Infection

Patterns of resistance of bacterial survivors after phage infection of strain NCTC 12900

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patterns of resistance of bacterial survivors after phage infection of strain NCTC 12900

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques: Infection

The use of O157:H7-infecting phage CEV1 or a cocktail of CEV1+CEV2 as a pre-slaughter treatment to remove resident E. coli O157:H7 EDL 933 from the intestines of ruminants (sheep). Group 1 (white): Control Group, O157:H7-infecting phage free and receiving no phage treatment. Group 2 (gray): Cocktail (CEV1+CEV2). Treatment Group, O157:H7-infecting phage free and treated with CEV1 and CEV2. Group 3 (black): Naturally Resident CEV2 Phage Group: Sheep in which CEV2 was naturally present. Error bars indicate standard deviations.

Journal: Bacteriophage

Article Title: Naturally resident and exogenously applied T4-like and T5-like bacteriophages can reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in sheep guts

doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.14175

Figure Lengend Snippet: The use of O157:H7-infecting phage CEV1 or a cocktail of CEV1+CEV2 as a pre-slaughter treatment to remove resident E. coli O157:H7 EDL 933 from the intestines of ruminants (sheep). Group 1 (white): Control Group, O157:H7-infecting phage free and receiving no phage treatment. Group 2 (gray): Cocktail (CEV1+CEV2). Treatment Group, O157:H7-infecting phage free and treated with CEV1 and CEV2. Group 3 (black): Naturally Resident CEV2 Phage Group: Sheep in which CEV2 was naturally present. Error bars indicate standard deviations.

Article Snippet: Restriction enzyme digests of CEV2 have shown that its DNA is digested by Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hae III, Hha I, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Sma I and Xho I like that of T5, forming similar fragments, and also like T5 it is not digested by McrBC ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 Electron micrograph of bacteriophage CEV2. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2 caption a7 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of undigested and restriction enzyme digested bacteriophage CEV2 DNA. (A) Lane A Sma I:CEV2; Lane B Ecor I:CEV2; Lane C Xho I:CEV2; Lane D TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [121.9 kb] and PEV2 [72.7 kb] and 816a [42.7 kb]; Lane E NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane F undigested CEV2; Lane G Ecor V:CEV2; Lane H, Pvu II:CEV2; Lane I Hind III:CEV2. (B) Lane A Hha I:CEV2; Lane B Hae III:CEV2; Lane C McrBC:CEV2; Lane D BamH I:CEV2; Lane E TESC Lab Phage PFGE Ladder consisting of PEV3 [290 kb], T4 [175 kb], T5 [120 kb] and PEV2 [70 kb] and 816a [39 kb]; Lane F NEB Hind III:λ ladder [23.1, 9.4, 6.6, 4.4 kb]; Lane G undigested CEV2. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 CEV2 sensitive strains CEV2 resistant strains Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: EDL 933 (ATCC 43895); a 86-24; FDIU strains; 2027; 2028; 2029; 2030; 2031; 2079; 2255; 2257; 2266; 2309; 2317; 2321; 2324; 2336; 6058 E. coli O157:H7: FDIU strains 2026 E. coli O15:H7 E. coli O15:H25 E. coli O50:H7 Salmonella newport: S. dublin; S. derby; S. enteriditis; S. enterica Typhimurium; S. cholerasuis; Enterobacter faecalis; E. faecium Non-Pathogenic Bacteria E. coli O157:H7: NCTC 12900 (ATCC 700728); b 87-23.

Techniques: Control